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Caesarean birth

  • NICE guideline
  • Reference number: NG192
  • Published:  31 March 2021
  • Last updated:  10 June 2025
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Research recommendations coming out of this guidance

  • Short-term and long-term benefits and risks of planned caesarean birth compared to planned vaginal birth: What are the benefits and risks (short term and long term) of planned caesarean birth compared with planned vaginal birth at term for women and babies/infants/children?

  • Decision-to-birth interval (category 1 urgency): What factors influence the decision-to-birth interval when there is a category 1 level of urgency for caesarean birth?

  • Decision-to-birth interval (category 2 urgency): A prospective study to determine whether the decision-to-birth interval has an impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes when there is a category 2 level of urgency for caesarean birth.

  • Maternal request for caesarean birth: What support or psychological interventions would be appropriate for women who have a fear of vaginal childbirth and request a caesarean birth?

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