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Intrapartum care

  • NICE guideline
  • Reference number: NG235
  • Published:  29 September 2023
  • Last updated:  18 June 2025
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  • Evidence
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Evidence reviews – September 2023

The following documents contain the evidence that was used to develop the 2023 recommendations:

  • Impact of BMI on choice of place of birth
  • Initial assessment of women reporting prelabour rupture of membranes 
  • Sterile water injections 
  • Remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia 
  • Programmed intermittent epidural bolus 
  • Use of oxytocin in the first or second stage of labour 
  • Position for birth 
  • Pushing techniques 
  • Interventions to reduce perineal trauma
  • Prophylactic antibiotics for birth with forceps or ventouse 
  • Active and physiological management of the third stage
  • Route of administration of oxytocin in the third stage of labour
  • Uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage 
  • Position of the baby during cord clamping 
  • Pharmacological management of postpartum haemorrhage 

These documents preserve evidence reviews and committee discussions for areas of the guideline before 2023:

  • Full guideline
  • Appendix Ia
  • Appendix Ib
  • Addendum 190.2

Other supporting evidence

  • Supplement 1: Methods
  • Supplement 2: Glossary and abbreviations
  • Supplement 3: Editorial changes
  • Supplement 4: Evidence tables for review M
  • Supplement 5: GRADE tables for review M
  • Supplement 6: Developer team
  • Supporting document P for the recommendations on fluid balance and peripartum hyponatraemia

This page was last updated: 18 June 2025

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