Pneumonia: diagnosis and management

Supporting evidence

• Evidence review

• Evidence reviews - September 2025

• A: Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound compared to chest X-ray for diagnosing pneumonia (PDF 2.65 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• B: Clinical and cost-effectiveness of care outside of the acute hospital inpatient setting for people with community-acquired pneumonia who would otherwise be admitted to hospital (PDF 1.17 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• C: Microbiological tests at presentation in secondary care to inform treatment decisions in people with suspected community- or hospital-acquired pneumonia (PDF 1.67 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• D: Short courses of antibiotics compared to longer courses of antibiotics for babies, children and young people with community-acquired pneumonia (PDF 1.01 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• E: Corticosteroids as an adjunct to antibiotics in adults with community- or hospital-acquired pneumonia (PDF 1.9 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• F: Non-invasive respiratory support for people hospitalised with pneumonia (PDF 1.35 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• G: Information for parents and carers of babies, children and young people about expected symptoms and duration of symptoms following treatment for CAP or HAP (PDF 1001 KB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• H: Clinical and cost effectiveness of monitoring biomarkers to determine when to de-escalate or change place of care for people in hospital with CAP or HAP (PDF 2.57 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• I: Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of routine chest X-rays at 6-weeks post discharge for identifying underlying disease in people hospitalised with pneumonia (PDF 1 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• J: Pneumonia outcome prediction tools for babies, children and young people presenting to primary care (PDF 1.11 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• K: Prognostic accuracy of NEWS2 and PEWS in people with community-acquired pneumonia (PDF 1.05 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• Evidence reviews - September 2019

• Evidence review: antimicrobial prescribing guideline for community-acquired pneumonia (September 2019) (PDF 2.81 MB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• Summary of the evidence: antimicrobial prescribing guideline for community-acquired pneumonia (September 2019) (PDF 191 KB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• Evidence review: antimicrobial prescribing guideline for hospital-acquired pneumonia (September 2019) (PDF 939 KB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• Summary of the evidence: antimicrobial prescribing guideline for hospital-acquired pneumonia (September 2019) (PDF 128 KB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• Other supporting evidence

• Methods (PDF 288 KB)

  Published:

  02 September 2025

• Surveillance report

• 2022 exceptional surveillance of pneumonia in adults (NICE guideline CG191)

• 2018 surveillance of pneumonia in adults: diagnosis and management (NICE guideline CG191)

• Appendix A: Summary of evidence from surveillance (PDF 512 KB)

  Published:

  31 October 2018

• Appendix B: Stakeholder consultation comments table (PDF 797 KB)

  Published:

  31 October 2018

• Full guidance

• CG191 Full guideline - December 2014 (PDF 6.76 MB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix A: Scope (PDF 537 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix B: Declarations of interest (PDF 475 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix C: Review protocols (PDF 789 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix D: Clinical article selection (PDF 490 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix E: Economic article selection (PDF 313 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix F: Literature search strategies (PDF 856 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix G1: Clinical evidence tables (PDF 3.84 MB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix G2: Clinical evidence tables - severity assessment tools (PDF 2.17 MB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix H: Economic evidence tables (PDF 554 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix I: Forest plots (PDF 1.32 MB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix J: Excluded clinical studies (PDF 1.01 MB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix K: Excluded economic studies (PDF 347 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix L: Cost-effectiveness analysis (PDF 2.63 MB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix M: Research recommendations (PDF 432 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix N: Antibiotic classifications (PDF 359 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix O: Unit costs (PDF 695 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014

• Appendix P: Supplementary evidence (PDF 352 KB)

  Published:

  03 December 2014