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    Interventional procedure overview of VA ECMO for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in adults in refractory cardiac arrest

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    Outcome measures

    The main outcomes include survival and survival with favourable neurological outcome. The measures used are detailed in the following paragraphs.

    Cerebral performance category (CPC)

    The Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance category (CPC) assessment tool is a 5-category measure used to assess neurological outcome. Categories 1 (good cerebral performance: conscious, alert, capable of normal life) and 2 (moderate cerebral disability: conscious, alert, sufficient cerebral function for activities of daily life) are considered to show a good neurological outcome. Categories 3 (severe cerebral disability), 4 (coma/vegetative state) and 5 (certified brain death) are considered a poor neurological outcome.

    Modified Rankin scale (mRS)

    The modified Rankin scale (mRS) assessment tool grades functional recovery on a 7-category scale from 0 (no symptoms), to 6 (dead). A score of 0 to 3 is considered a good neurological outcome, and a score 4 or 5 as a poor neurological outcome.

    Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale (MGOS)

    The modified Glasgow Outcome Scale (MGOS) assessment tool grades functional recovery on a 5-category scale from 1 (dead), to 5 (good recovery). A score of 4 or 5 is considered a good neurological outcome, and a score 1 to 3 as a poor neurological outcome.